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In Module 4, students develop place value strategies to fluently add and subtract within 100.  They develop conceptual understanding of addition and subtraction.  At first, they use manipulatives to solve the problems (see child on the left) and then move to drawing the places value disks (child on the right).  After they have mastered those 2 skills, we move to a more abstract approach where they solve the problems using written numbers.   

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